Showing posts with label Colonials. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Colonials. Show all posts

Monday, December 22, 2014

"Nature printing" on early currency

Image source Heritage Auctions http://ha.com , used by permission
Ben Franklin is known to have done "nature printing", which is the process of printing from a natural object such as a leaf.  Some say he invented the process, but Wikipedia suggests that Joseph Breintnall was doing this several years earlier.

Whoever perfected the process,  Franklin definitely used it as an anti-counterfeiting measure.  This "Collecting Colonial Currency" by Lou Jordon mentions that specifically, although his claim that 'paper money is uniquely American and was actually “invented” in colonial America'  is inaccurate: the Chinese were doing that many centuries earlier.  They were not doing nature printing, though!


I was reminded of all this because of the recent discovery of an early leaf printing block.  Although the title here says "Benjamin Franklin Printing Blocks Identified", the article itself admits that "this particular block was almost certainly cast not by Franklin but by his successor David Hall".

Well, close enough, I guess.   I know almost nothing about Colonial Currency, but  I checked Heritage Auctions and found that many examples can be had at reasonable prices.  For example, the note pictured above sold for $75.00 in 2000.



Note: All my coins are in a safe deposit box. I keep nothing in my home.



Tuesday, April 22, 2014

Our first cents

Although we casually call them "pennies", officially we have "cents".  The first coinage of the United States in 1793 carried that name, but there are two other contenders for the honor of being the first American "cent".

One is the so-called "Fugio Cent".  It was the first official cent sized coin and was authorized by the Congress of the Confederation of the United States.  That  seems to seal the question, but the resolution did not say "cent"; it called for the minting of "copper coin" and the coin itself does not carry that wording either.

Additionally, although authorized in 1787, actual coinage didn't arrive at the Treasury until May of 1788.

The coin pictured here is one of the so called "New Haven restrikes" of the 1850's (not made in New Haven and not restrikes, but still collectible).

Against the Fugio's claim we have the Massachusetts Cent.  Although the one pictured here is 1788, these were also produced in 1787 and actually do have "CENT" in the design.  I'd say that is the first American cent.








Note:  All my coins are in a safe deposit box.  I keep nothing in my home. 




This week's Coinweek Giveaway: http://www.coinweek.com/~cd53550787d934d

Saturday, March 29, 2014

Collection - 1788 Massachusetts Cent

Note:  Everything is in a safe deposit box.  I keep nothing in my home. 





I like this coin.  It's real, not a restrike.  Given the rarity and age, these are inexpensive - I paid $590.00 for this in 2014.  

These coins are (I think) the very first to use the word CENT.  We do call the Fugio Coins "cents", but they don't say it and it looks to me like the 1787 MA cent was minted before the Fugio's anyway.






Collection - Fugio "New Haven Restrike"

Note:  Everything is in a safe deposit box.  I keep nothing in my home.
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There's a lot of funny stuff associated with "New Haven Restrikes". They were not made in New Haven, CT, but down the road a poke in Waterbury. Nor were they restrikes, but actually came from counterfeit dies. Finally, they were made around 1859, not 1787 as the real ones were.


Still, I can't afford a real one in that grade and the ones I can afford usually are pitted or scratched, so I went for the fake. Fake though they are, a MS67 was auctioned for $9,775.00 in 2007, so there's fake and then there is fake that people will pay respectable money for. This AU was $595.00 in 2014, which isn't exactly cheap.

By the way, and yes, it's somewhat of a rhetorical question, but why is it that when common people buy fakes like this and the 1804 dollar and some others, we end up with worthless junk, but when it's rich and important people who first buy the fakes, the fakes stay valuable and are accepted as though they were real?

By the way, beware of Becker restrikes.  These are collectible but are less expensive than the 1859 restrikes.

PCGS Cert

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Collection - 1787 Machin's Mills

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Note:  Everything is in a safe deposit box.  I keep nothing in my home. 




The reason for this is that one like it was among the coins given to me when I was a young boy. I was fascinated by the half and large cents, the three cent pieces and the twenty cent piece, but I wasn't very interested in that coin. Oh, the old date was cool, but I thought it was a British coin and that just didn't interest me. The coin was even lower grade than this one; the date was barely visible and it had been harshly cleaned. With all that going against it, I was not enchanted and at some point I sold it for a few dollars to someone else. 

Well, much later I learned that it couldn't have been British because Britain made no half pennies (which is what this is) in 1787. No, it was a "Machin's Mills" counterfeit (counterfeit to British eyes, not American). 

You can Google "Machin's Mills" to learn more about these, but I was very happy to find an affordable replacement for the oldest of those long lost coins. Ugly as it is, it's one of my very favorite pieces. 

One note: this coin is probably less circulated than you might think. The folks who produced these wanted them to look used and worn in order to pass them off more easily, so they deliberately designed weak dies and tumbled the planchets to beat them up some!

Not Certified.  Paid $177.00 in 2014.


Collection - 1776 Continental Dollar Restrike


This is not a real Continental Dollar.  The genuine article would run at least $40 - $50,000 and more - much, much  more for high grade pieces. 

This collectible restrike is now sitting in my safe deposit box.  



This is really a restrike from 1962. It's not particularly pricey because several thousand were made: see
http://www.so-calleddollars.com/Events/Continental_Dollars.html 

But it is a restrike of a fake!  The dies used were made in the 1870's, not 1776. See Page 3 of
http://media.wix.com/ugd/e67427_323aa536568e4df7a3badd50f3366652.pdf

Fascinating degrees of reality, isn't it?  Yet people collect these fakes and pay good money for them.   This coin is not something that you'd find in a dealer's junk box - I paid $175.00 for it in 2014.

By the way, Jeff Shevlin is a collector, researcher and author who specializes in "So Called Dollars" (see link earlier).  I liked that this particular coin came from his collection.

See also Continental dollar struck in Europe?

NGC Cert
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Thursday, February 20, 2014

Coin Collecting and Genealogy Part II - Copper Coins

See Coin Collecting and Genealogy for the first of this series.

Note:  Everything is in a safe deposit box.  I keep nothing in my home. 

Large Cents

I feel that I should start here because these were the coins I was most interested in when I first examined the coins in that tin box. I had an instant attraction to them - the designs and the chocolate coloring and their weight.  I fell in love with Large Cents and Half Cents and I still feel that way today.

The only coin that I never sold was the 1855.  






There are actually several varieties for 1855 - the one here is not rare, although the total mintage for this year was only a million and a half coins.

I think I remember an 1851 in the set also, but that would be a duplicate of this type, so I might be wrong.  Regardless, I bought one because 1851 was HML's birth year.


I definitely remember an 1816, which was low grade and very dark. 1816 was the famous Year without a summer, a tough year for many, so it is fitting that this coin should be so beat up.

By the way, somebody recently pointed out to me that in 1816 no other U.S. coins were minted - just the large cent!




I don't remember anything prior to 1816.  That's good for my wallet; those coins get very expensive.

That leaves two other varieties, neither of which I can remember dates or grades.  I'll just buy decent examples and post the pictures here when I get them.

By the way, I apologize for the pictures.  They are not high quality and they vary in size when they should not.  Maybe someday I'll rig up some sort of stand to be consistent.




Here's the 1851.  The major variety for that year is the 1851/81 (this is not that).   I used to have books on the minor varieties, but sold them long ago.   The 1855 is in slightly better condition than this, but it's still an attractive example.  Common dates like this run around $40.00 in this condition as I write this in early 2014.
By the way, NEVER, EVER try cleaning old coins to make them look better.  You are almost certain to destroy their value.  In the case of contaminants and green oxidation, there are things a professional can use, but do NOT try that at home!









Half Cents

I'm quite sure that there was at least one half cent in that box, but I do not remember date or condition. I bought this very nice one instead.  If I every do remember, I'll buy something else.


Update:

I kept remembering another half cent. No firm memory swims up, but something was bothering me, so I bought this:


My memory could be way off on that, though.  There is another design (Draped Bust, 1809-1844); it may have been one of those. However, I think I remember the "1/200" on the reverse, which disappeared starting in 1809.

Two Cent 

I know the coin in the box was an 1864 Large Motto.  Here is the 1864:

I remember that the one from the collection was high grade and had an interesting die break, though I cannot remember where.  I keep looking at these whenever they come up for sale, hoping to spot that break (a die break or chip causes a raised area on the coin).

This was the first U.S. Coin to display "In God We Trust".  People who insist that we should do what the founders wanted should take note: the founders didn't want this.



Tokens

These two tokens were part of the collection.  I had no trouble finding them on Ebay.

This political token was was made around 1834 by the Scovill Manufacturing Company in Waterbury, Connecticut.   It was political satire directed at Andrew Jackson's desire to abolish the Second_Bank_of_the_United_States.  “I take the responsibility” is what Jackson said when he transferred the Bank of the United States funds into 25 state banks.

On better examples you can see the letters LL.D on the donkey.

That was a poke at the honorary degree Harvard had awarded the poorly educated Jackson.

Jackson is partially blamed for causing the The Panic of 1837.






This token dates from 1837.  There are many like it.  Do you see the odd spelling of "Defense"?  Apparently that wasn't odd in 1837.   The phrase itself was quite common for the time.

The Panic of 1837 cause coin hoarding and a great shortage of change.  These tokens tried to fill the gap.








The building is the Merchant's Exchange building on Wall Street which burned in 1835.  That may be mentioned on the coin because the marble building was supposed to be fireproof!
Also present was the "Lord's Prayer" token mentioned in the introduction.


This last token is from 1901.  These types of medals are "So-called Dollars" because they are Silver Dollar size.  There are a lot of them and of course there are people who collect all of them.  In general, things like this fall into what's called "exonumia". 


Why my grandfather or his father had this, I do not know.  At http://www.so-calleddollars.com/  I learned that

Reverse of issue below is replica of famous Gold medal given General Washington by Resolution of Continental Congress March 25, 1776; only gold medal ever granted him by Federal Government. One hundred years later, just prior to both Centennial Celebration of Evacuation, Boston and to U.S. Centennial, Philadelphia--1876, 50 Boston citizens subscribed fund to purchase medal from Washington family who finally were induced to act due both "to losses sustained…during… Civil War…and (national) interest…of the centennial."

Purchasers immediately presented piece to City of Boston to be "preserved forever in the Boston Public Library." Medal is about 68mm. in size, 2 11/16mm. thick and weighs more than 7 oz.


These reproductions were distributed to Boston school children in 1901; struck by Whitehead & Hoag, Newark, NJ.

That being the case, young Beardsley was probably given this when he was 14 or so.  I'm not absolutely certain of that, though, because I don't know exactly when the family moved back to Boston.  I found this at AskArt:

Born in Worcester, MA on Nov. 19, 1861. Lawrence came to San Francisco in the 1880s and established a studio. One of his notable achievements was the fresco on the ceiling in the Flood Mansion (now the Pacific Union Club). At the turn of the century, he left San Francisco and returned in 1915 to achieve fame by his revolutionary color effects on the buildings and roofs of the PPIE. His Court of the Ages at the Expo was one of his best works. While in San Francisco he also did the interiors of the Public Library and the Granada Theatre. Lawrence died in Sharon, MA on Sept. 4, 1937.


My cousin Nick has the birthdate as 1851 - I don't know which is correct.

Machin's Mills

The oldest coin in the collection was dated 1787.  It was very worn, with the date barely visible, and had been cleaned, so it was really an ugly piece.

I did not recognize it for what it was.  I thought it was a British Half Penny.

However, no British Half Penny's were made in 1787.  These were actually made illegally here in the colonies.  See Machin's Mills Imitation British Halfpence for more on these.  I'll just quote this:

The coinage mill was forty to fifty rods below the pond, on a canal dug for the purpose. The building was of wood, thirty by forty feet, and two stories high. The metal used was copper, obtained by melting up cannon and leaving out the zinc in the alloy. The copper was then run into moulds, and rolled into flat sheets of the thickness of the coin and from one to two feet wide. It was then punched with a screw, moved by a lever, so adjusted that half a revolution would press out a disk of the size of a coin. The blanks were then put into a cylinder and revolved with sand, saw dust and water. They were generally left revolving through the night; and the coiners circulated the story that the devil came by at night to work for them. They also sometimes worked in masks to create a terror in the neighborhood. 






Coins I added

I added these copper coins.  They were NOT represented in the original collection.

1871 Two cent with repunched date (1871/1871)







1948-D Lincoln (my birth year)







1910-D "Indian Cent" (fantasy piece)


The "Moonlight mint" produces a number of these limited edition fantasy coins (there were no Indian Head cents in 1910).  I'm surprised that this is legal, but apparently it is (though see 1964-D Peace Dollar) for arguments against such things.

This 1890 is real:


As a child in the fifties, I found a high grade 1909-VDB Lincoln in change.  That's not a "rare" coin, but it is the only year in which the designer's initials appear on the reverse (V.D.B., Victor D. Brenner).



People objected and the initials were placed under Lincoln's shoulder from then on.  The "S" (San Francisco mint) version of this is very rare and expensive.